1-There maybe a lot of problems because of wrong or inappropriate montage  of the hydraulic – pneumatic inpermeability elements .So the montage rules should be obeyed   precisely.

2-The cleanleness of the Montage table and place is very important avoid foreign substances

3-The felt and bearing canal measures,radius and Pahlar must be checked and be clean before the montage.The crusts remaining in the corners are very dangerous

4-Make sure that the permeability elements are clean.

5-All of the permeability elements should be montaged after oiling with the system oil avoid using  Grease oil.

6-Avoid using sharp cornered montage aparats.

7-Its extremly harful to heat the permeability elements uncontrolled before the montage.

8- Try to remain true to the preasure, heat gliding speed during the test after the montage.

9-If final operations must be done after the test . The heat shouldn’t be over  80 degrees.

The Permeability  element type which will be used in hydrolic or pneuymatic systems  should be determined according to the below criteria :

Heat

The liquid and atmosphere heat is an important factor in choosing the permeability element material. The whole  heat intervals have been given in the Schedule below which Kastaş has used.It shouldn’t be forgatten that the maximum values should be taken into consider by detecting continously operation heat.

Presure

The product programme should be choosen according to the maximum system preasure in our Schedule.

Gliding Speed

One of the important factors in choosing the permeability element is up to knowing the movement number per minute of the cylinder strokes in  hydrolic and pnuematic systems.

Liquied Type

Its important in detecting the  used  liquid type  permeability element materials.There are general information on the Schedule below.

Suggestions related to throughout the storing of  the permeatibility elements may lead to change in the features of rubber parts and the mechanic and physical features .This change may ocur because of the combination of many factors.

• Oxygen
• Ozone
• Direct Sun beam
• High heat
• Ultraviolet beams
• Moisture
• Dirt and chemical effects

Rubbers and plastic products stored under good circumstances don’t lose anything from  their features  even after long times.

Atmosphere ,Moisture and Heat

The Ideal heat in storage conditions must be 5 degrees  C and 25 degrees C and its moğisture  must be around % 60.Lower heat don’t create changes in aspect of technical features .Though the temperature of the felt before the assembly is suggested to be between 20-25 degrees C.Plus it’s suggested that it shouldn’t be effected by directly heat sources.

Dirt

Dirt may change the mechanical features of the product.Therefore it must be cleaned before and during the storage.

Light and Ultraviolet Beams

The suggested  circumstances of storage are :protected rooms from long life flouresant lamps,ultraviolet beams, strong light sources and direct sunbeams .It’s suggested that orange or red lightening is used.

Oxygen and Ozone

Oxygene or Ozone are oxidizing components .It should be stored with polyethilene materials which are suitable for felts .Ozone is especially harmful.Therefore Electrical devices ,electrical motors and such things should not be located there.

Deformation

During the storage avoid especially deformations.During storage rubber parts and plastic felts must be avoided from being forced.

Contact with Grease and Fluids

During storage contact w,th solvents,oils and di,rect fluids should be avoided.

Contact with Metalls

Some metals (manganese and copper) may have some effects on some rubber types.Therefore it should be avoided that the permeatibility elements contact metals

According to the whole impermeability elements   general operation principles  is must be made sure that  the installation sould be made with a certain amount of preloadıng and that there is some space in the canal of impermeability element.The pressurized liquid should enable the permeability to make its duty by opening the lips of the permeability or by pumping with pressurize the felt material.

Hydrolic permeability Elements:

O-RINGS

O Rıngs are inexpensive simple impermeability elements .Because of this feature they have a widespread application field in the hydrolic and pneumatic systems.Provided that it has a suitable working area and material it can be used both in static and dynamic applications .As they cover less   space than the other impermeatibility elements and provide both two sides impermeability they design is easier.To get a good result suitable measurement and correct material choice must be done  And the quality of the metal components’s surface must be suitable.

X-RINGS

With their special impermeability designs they can be used in every fields where the O –Rings are used..The standart  NBR 70 shore A X-rings having low friction power ,not located in the dynamic  surface of the burr line and with the design that it doesn’t cause to spin in the canal it is applied ,they can take part in many hydrolic and pneumatic applications.Apart from X-rings NBR 70 shore A,they can also be produced as NBR 90 Shore A,cylicon ve FKM .

The permeatibility elements used in hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders are called as PISTON and THROAT permeatibility elements.

PACKING FELTS

Packing Felts are used in the piston and throats of the hydraulic cylinders.Throat packings are produced by being applied to the cloth NBR .The throat packings concist of 1 cloth bottom head,3 in between head,2 NBR rubber in between head and 1 POM front head.

The Piston packings consist of 1 cloth botom head , 1in between cloth head and 1 POM front head.İn special cases the number of the in between head can be increased.

In hydraulic Cylinders fort he usage of packing fractured type throat and piston design must be used.

The most importamt advantage compared to the other impermeatibility elements because of the fractured type design adjustable felt canal height is that is gives better results in gliding surfaces.To screw the packing head too much can cause to ,high friction forces,overheat ,and vibrationed operation in low pressures.If closed type felt canal is used the heads should be cut in 45 gr.angle and the heads should be adjusted so that they are 75 gr.angle.Closed typed canaled systems are not advised to be used unless in  urgent cases.Packing felt series operate in 30 and + 105 degrees max. 400 bar pressure.

Nutring Felts

They are commonly used in hydraulic cylinders  and may take place both in the throat and piston of the system.The  K 21 series which both lips are equal can be used both in the piston and in the throat .The series which iner ipermeatibility lips are lower (K22) is ideal for useing in the throat of the system .İn the throat of the POM supported nutrings (k32) show high performance in nutrings which are suported with ipermeatibility lips.(k23) Nutring felt which outer ipermeatibility lip height in the system of the piston is low and in the outer part POM back up (k40) can be preffered as well.

Front pressure support felts

This felt group is used as first impermeatibility element in hydraulic cylinders.It’s applied to bring solutions in problems arising in hydraulic scylinders.Front pressure rings is a felt group which consists of high performance 92 shore A Polyurethane and POM support rings (k29) series.The front pressure felts operate in -30 and +105 degrees max. 400 bar pressure.

Compact Sets

The Compact sets take place as piston felts in the double effect hydraulic cylinders at max. 400 bar pressure.The NBR ring which has 3 impermeatibility lips in the middle with a design of five   fractured design (k 18).To lower the drop space on both sides of the NBR ring there are 2 polyester elastomer backup rings and 2 POm rings to bedstead these.The NBR ring provides impermeatibility in the 5fivefold group .Except the NBR ring that the other parts are cut easies the assembly This compact set in the series (k 18) for special circumstances the FKM(viton) production is possible.Another series of the compact sets (K16) is supported with 2 Pom rings and one operation surface cloth support and so consists of 3 parts.The compact sets series  enables permeatibility at -30 and +150 degrees at 400 bar pressure.

Pneumatic permeatibility elements

In the pneumatic cylinders used permeatibility elements  minimum friction and maximum permeatibility feature must be provided.Pneumatic cylinders must be operate in lower prresure and higher gliding speed ,without oiling or sometimes in insufficent oiling.Therefore the lips must be different from  materials being used for pneumatic cylinders .The pneumatic impermeatibility elements -30 and +150 degrees  16 bar pressure can operate easily.

YATAKLAMALAR  Bearings

The bearing elements take an important place fort he Hydraulic and pneumatic systems .If there is load in the system and there is no precaution taken the permeatiblity elements won’t be able to operate as well as causing permanent and unusable damages .The bearings which will be used in the throats and pistonsa re made of %30 glassfiberred POM material.Apart from this pure teflon ,carbon mixed teflon ,bronz mixed teflon and polethilene striped bearins can be easily used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems.

NITRIL (NBR)

It’s suggested for most of the applications of permeability  elements and is commonly used .Nitril is a butadiene-acrylo nitrile (ACN) polymer .The mixtures used in Nitril rubers changes  mineral oils, volume change in  Grease and fuel, gas permeability ,elasticity and compression set .They show resistant in Alifatic hydro carbons (propan-butan-petrol) mineral oils ,oiling oils , group H,HL,HLP type oils and Grease ,HFA,HFB,HFC, vegetable and animal fat ,slite heat and diesel fuel.           They can be mixed for fuels and industry liquids. It suggested to use the standart nitril mixture -30  +105 degree .Sometimes it maybe  increased in  short interval operations up to + 120 degree.

HNBR

It’s a kind of elastomer by hydrogenic the whole or or a part of HNBR Polymere with double polyvalent butadiene.It suggested to use the HNBR which has high mechanical value compared with  standart HNBR at -30 + 150 degree .

Silicone

Silicone preserves its fexibility between -60  200 degrees celcius. Its not suggested in dinamic applications.It has a good resistance against Ozone Air and oil .It has weak resistance against Oxided oil and some hipoit and E.P.Type oils.

Viton (FKM Flourel)

Viton is resistant to old type of Grease oil and solvent -30-225 degree celcius. It has a good resistant against many chemicals. It results in vacuum systems when its asked for slite gas permeability.

Neopren(CR)

It hasa very good resistance in rupture ,tear and abrasion.It resists against flames .It has a good resistance in high valued mineral oils,silicone oils,Grease and alcohol.Its used in  places in which resistance is needed both for oil and atmospheric circumstances.

Polyurethane (PU)

It has got a wonderful endurance  against  rubture ,tear and abration in -30  and 100 .It is resistant  against air and Ozone and also to mineral oils ,Grease and alifatic hydro carbons.Its e specially used as high preasure permeability element and spindle graser.

ETHYLENE PROPYLENE RUBBER (EPDM)ı

It’s used between-40 and 145 degre celcius.It has a very good resistance against Phosfate ,ester liquid, automotive break oils and steam.

SITREN BUTADİEN RUBBER (SBR)

It has a good resistance against glikole based break oils,in organic  asist bases and alcohol -50 and 100 degree celcius.

NATUREL RUBBER

Its used in-60 and 100 degrees celcius and is recommended  where  high flexibility is needed.

POLYACETAL (POM)

Its  a general bearing material in hydrolic pneumatic systems.Its calybration stabilization is very good up to 80 degrees.One of its important feature is very low water absorvation.